John Marshall free essay sample

Marshals thirst for political knowledge at an early age, his contribution the judicial system, and dedication to political reform make him one of the most influential figures in American history. Early Life John Marshall, one of fifteen children, was born on September 24, 1755 in a log cabin in rural Germantown, Virginia. His parents were Thomas and Mary Marshall, who had significant status among the citizens of Germantown. Although Marshals parents were not formally educated, they ensured their children had a good, quality education. Marshall was homesteaded and often supplemented his reading from books in George Washingtons library.Marshals father and George Washington worked together as surveyors and became close friends. Washington would later become one of Marshals greatest heroes. Desiring their son to become a leaver, Thomas and Mary sent Marshall to William and Mary College where he spent several weeks listening to George Withys lectures on law, which was Marshals only means of formal education. We will write a custom essay sample on John Marshall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the age of 25, Marshall left William and Mary College and pursued a lawyers position in Germantown, where he later met and married his wife of 49 years, Mary Willis Ambler. Together, they had ten children, with only six living to see adulthood (McGill, 2005). Chief Justice Chief Justice John Marshall served in the Supreme Court from 1801-1835. He was the fourth Chief Justice appointed by President John Adams (Smith, 1996). Marshall was known as one of the greatest chief justices in judicial history. While head of court, Marshall helped establish foundations for the Supreme Court and the constitutional supremacy. Alexander M. Bicker, a sophisticated, constitutional scholar stated that John Marshall was one Of the greatest justices due to his decision in the Mammary v. Madison case. Although Marshall is known for many other cases throughout judicial history, including McCullough v.Maryland, Cones v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Edge, the high profile case, Mammary v. Madison, became one of Marshals most significant cases and one that established him as one of the greatest supreme court justices who ever lived (Wood, 1997). Mammary V. Madison In Mammary V. Madison, Marshall worked the Judiciary claim to apply the law of the constitution exactly the way that courts interpret common law and statues in their role of legal disputes. Marshall was Instrumental in laying own the foundation for the rise of the Judiciary. Their goal was to make the Judiciary as one of the top three capital powers of the government.Marshall stated that the constitution was a rule for the government of courts, as well as of his legislature. As he made the issue known, judges could not ignore it. They were duty bound to enforce it by disallowing laws offensive to the constitution. At the time, many Americans had no trouble thinking of constitutions as law but not the kind of law that would be operated in the court system, button Marshall stated towards the court system, by applying is methods of statutory interpretation to the constitution, he legalized it. He made it amenable to routine exposition and makes it happen.Marshall knew the Judiciary system would always be one of the weakest branches; its effectiveness depended on gaining the agreements of the legislative, executive branches, and of the people. The power that the Supreme Court would enjoy is the ability to persuade the people. Marshall was perfect for the job, and he greatly enhanced that power by his ability of persuasions. The Americans didnt know anything about the constitution, but Marshall enhanced the knowledge pertaining to the constitution (Hobnobs, 2002). It is no doubt that John Marshall has made tremendous contributions to the judicial system.His thirst for knowledge at a young age and his political leadership has provided significant contributions to political society. It has been over two-hundred years since Marshals appointment; however, the Supreme Court still continues to honor him and his works. Marshall left a legacy that will be admired and written about by political generations to come. Through his works, Marshall helped define our country to what it is today as supported by political author, Jean Edward Smith who stated, if George Washington found the country, John Marshall defined it (Smith, 1996).

buy custom Education in UAE essay

buy custom Education in UAE essay Education in United Arab Emirates can be associated with the development of the federation which saw the introduction of several universities in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates and Al Ain. The establishment of the federation resulted in the government taking in measures that included devoting some of the national resources to education (Gaad, 2010). On the other hand, the rate of illiteracy in the kingdom remain an all time high, an indication that more need to be done to educate the growing generation to adopt the changing conditions and levels of literacy. Statistics indicate that the rate of illiteracy is 91%. Analysis of Education in the UAE The education system comprises of the Kindergarten which the age levels range from four to five years. The second stage of learning is the primary level where age limit range is between six and twelve years. The third stage of learning is the Preparatory level with age level from twelve to fifteen years. The secondary stage which takes three years in length comprises of between fifteen to eighteen years. Technical Secondary School age range level is between twelve and eighteen years, with a maximum length of six years of learning. .According to the Embassy of United Arab Emirates in Washington DC, education has remained a top priority in UAE (Embassy of UAE, 2010). The government has put in measures to ensure that both male and female receive the necessary education so as to limit the increasing rate of illiteracy. Towards this end, new initiatives have been launched in order to respond to the increasing levels of illiteracy. Some of these programs have reulted in the government tran sforming the K program to 12 programs. For instance, the measure is a reflective orientation that prepares the students in UAE with the required skills to join public universities. It is worth noting that UAE has enlisted the support of foreign universities with an aim of creating effective programs and as a result, attracting several students from the Asian continent who are interested in this mode of education (UAE Interact, 2011). Education in the UAE is divided into basic education, development program as well as higher education which are all characterized with activities towards delivering quality education for the students. The K-12 programs are a relatively new system in the United Arab Emirates. The school building programs that existed in the early 1960s and 1970s were geared towards expanding the educational system in the country. These reforms are focused on ensuring that the students are well prepared as well as being envisioned in improved professionalism, higher standards and greater accountability. The programs are also seen as introducing a new form of education that includes a more interactive form of learning which has seen math and science subjects being integrated with English language. The education reforms in the country rest on the Ministry of Education, the Dubai Education and the Abu Dhabi Education Council. For instance, English language skills of the elementary-level students at four model schools is being developed by Zayed University who were requested to do so by ADEC (Oxford Business Group, 2009). On the other hand, Dubai Education Council perfects the global standards by focuss ing on international accreditatiion as well as comprehensive quality assurance programs. Reform activities in education are also monitored by the Ministry of Education. There are several public and private universities in UAE that offers higher education. Government institutions offer higher education without charges; a factor that makes UAE recorded the highest participation rate in the world. The common and most popular higher learning institutions in the UAE include UAE University, Zayed University and Higher Colleges of Technology (HCT). There are also private institutions like the American Universities of Sharjah and Dubai which is institutions linked to the United States. Others include Sharjah and Al Hosn Universities. Students with special needs are supported by the government through special education. This is reflected in the signing of the optional Protocol to the UN convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Federal Law (UAE Interact, 2011). Education, training and applied technology is provided by Higher Colleges of Technologies which provide technical education. It is worth mentioning that public education as well remain s free for both male and female citizens through to the university levels. The paper has looked at the situation of education in UAE and how the government is putting in measures to reduce the increasing levels of illiteracy. The measures include ensuring that public education remains free for all, an indication of its commitment towards making the nation an educated state. UAE also has various learning institutions that are private and which join the government institutions in offering learning innovations. Buy custom Education in UAE essay

Accounting Theory and Critical Issues

The following assignment examines the annual report of Common wealth Bank Australia in the context of adhering to the General purpose Financial Accounting. Commonwealth Bank Australia has been chosen as an ASX top hundred-listed corporation. The assignment evaluates the effectiveness of business entities in strictly adhering to the framework as well as the guidelines of the conceptual framework of accounting. In this regard, it can be said that there has been issues as per the assessment as well as the registering of financial transactions in the year ended annual report of the company. As such, this has an adverse effect on the procedure of the financial reports towards the stakeholders of the organization. Zimmerman (2013) stated that the general-purpose financial recording should develop the necessary guideline, to help the business entities to maintain authenticity and transparency in the financial accounts of the business entity. The business entity has been operating in many co untries and constitutes of a substantial market share in the international market. According to Groot and Selto (2013), the general purpose financial accounting offers a unified guideline that can be applicable to all the globally reputed companies in the Australian market. The Commonwealth Bank Australia has been making efforts to adhere to the General Purpose financial accounting in the market. According to Hassard and Pym (2012), the brand has faced issues recently in recording as well as measuring the transactions in the domestic and the international market. The Commonwealth Bank Australia is a multinational business organization that operates in many countries. The brand has taken many transfer pricing measures as per the taxation laws and guideline of the particular country. The conceptual framework in the business organization shall consist of the qualitative characteristics as well as recognition and the de-recognition criteria of the general-purpose financial accounting of the organization. The study also evaluates the accounting measures like IAS 11 and and its role in assisting the business entity in adhering to the conceptual framework in the context of the General Purpose financial Accounting. Despite of the best efforts of the management of the business enterprise in adhering to the General Purpose financial Accounting of the organization, there has been existing consistencies and issues related to the recording and the assessment of the financial transactions. Fiolleau et al. (2013) stated that these financial irregularities can be overcome by implementing rigid auditing measures in the business organization that shall facilitate organizational growth in the business entity. The following attributes of the financial data provided by Commonwealth Bank Australia in the context of the General Purpose Financial Accounting can be noted. Relevance- The annual report of Commonwealth Bank Australia offers the relevant importance to the business enterprise. The report contains all the necessary details so as to assist the management of the business entity in developing the appropriate financial as well as the operating policies for a business entity. Jones (2015) stated that the accounting principles of the business enterprise shall have to offer the in-depth financial details about the necessary financial details about the business enterprise. As such , the annual report and the year ended financial statements of the business enterprise shall be considered as relevant in the existing global market. Material - The information can be considered as material if omitting it can lead to adverse financial decisions for the business enterprise. The company follows the principle of materiality to influence financial decisions for the business entity. As such, it can be said that the management of the business enterprise has considered every financial data that can have an impact on the financial decision making as well as sustainability of the business entity. in this regard , it can be stated that the management of the business enterprise has to take appropriate financial decisions regarding the preparation of the financial statements of the business entity . In this regard , it can be stated that the uniform quantitative guidelines for the establishment of the financial policies for the enhancement of the financial policies as well as the goals and the objectives of the business entity . Comparability - The financial statements established by the business enterprise can facilitate comparison between the two different years. As such, the brand has the ability to determine the operational as well as the financial policies of the business enterprise shall facilitate comparison between the two different years. As such, the management of the business entity can be able to take the necessary financial measures to overcome the organizational threats of the business entity. Bonin (2013) mentioned that comparability is one qualitative attributes that shall assist the users to assess the general financial state of a business enterprise. Thus. it can be stated that there are users shall be able to compare the general financial position of the business entity with the previous years and respond appropriately for organizational growth and sustainability in the domestic and the international market. Verifiability- The concept of verifiability would assist users in representing the economic condition of the existing business entity. Lee and Parker (2013) mentioned that the attribute of verifiability shall enable the users to verify the financial information of the business entity. In this regard , it can be stated that the financial data provided on the annual report has been verified in the context of the current year. Timeliness- The concept of Timeliness relates to having prior information to the decisions-makers of the business entity that shall help the business entity in making appropriate business as well as financial decisions. An in-depth analysis of the financial statements is presented in the business entity. Therefore, this shall assist the business enterprise in making authentic financial statements of Commonwealth Bank, Australia. As such, the timeliness of the financial statements is an essential attribute of towards establishing of the financial strategies as well as the policies of the business entity. Understandability- The concept of understandability refer to presenting the information in a simplistic manner to help users in making informed financial decisions for the business entity. According to Fiolleau et al. (2013), the management of the Commonwealth Bank , Australia has presented the accounting statements in a simplified manner so that it can be easily understood by the users. The concept of understandability is evaluated in the annual report of   Commonwealth   Bank, Australia . As such, the data presented in the annual financial statements of the business entity is simple to understand yet in-depth in details . As such, the understandability is a definite characteristic of the management of the business entity. These attributes has been essential for the business enterprise in the implementation of effective financial policies. For the purpose of measurement in accounting, the fair value of accounting is used to assess the assets and the liabilities of the organization as per the organizational goals and the objectives. In this regard, it can be stated that the fair value of measurement in accounting can be used in determining the actual worth of the assets and the liabilities in the business organization. Commonwealth Bank, Australia has been able to assess the existing liabilities as well as the assets of the organization as per the existing market condition in the domestic as well as the International market. According to Deegan (2013), the fair value accounting in the business entity has been an influencing factors   in determining the exact financial position of a business entity. The fair value accounting of the business entity   asists the business   organization to make effective   financial strategies   of   the business   entity. Therefore, the value of the assets would be ascertaine d as per their current market value.   The recognition criteria refer to the factors on which the identification of assets and the liabilities depends, in the context of Commonwealth Bank, Australia. The Commonwealth Bank , Australia has been recognized the asset as well as the liability of the business entity in, changes in equity as well as the expenses of the business enterprise facilitating authenticity and transparency in the annual financial statements of the business enterprise. Therefore, it shall assist the business enterprise in enhancing the cost of the organization as well as enhancing the changes in the business organization. In the recognition criteria, the probability in the inflow or the outflow of cash in the business organization for a particular period of time shall have to be analyzed in the attainment of the organizational goals and the objectives of the business enterprise. Miller and Power (2013) stated that the following two existing standards - IAS 1 Presentation of the Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting estimates and errors have assisted Common Wealth Bank Australia in adhering to the conceptual framework of the general-purpose financial accounting. These policies in the business entity shall help the business entity to strictly adhere to the general-purpose financial accounting and prepare detailed financial reports for the business enterprise. According to Freeman et al. (2014) the IAS 1 develops the basis of the financial statements in the year –ended annual reports of the entity . These accounting statements provide the faithful representation of the transactions as well as events and conditions of the business entity. The existing inconsistencies in the existing conceptual framework shall have to be eliminated by the IAS 18 accounting standards. According to Deegan (2012), the framework states that the asset and the liabilities of the organization shall have to be recognized through the expected future benefits of the organization. In the recent years, the brand has faced discrepancies in the recording as well as the assessment of the financial transactions of the business entity. In addition, the brand has developed the necessary measures to overcome the existing discrepancies and facilitate the development of the financial policies of the business entity. The Common Wealth Bank, Australia has implemented effective internal accounting policies of the business organization. Auditing has been a pertinent accounting tool for the business entity in frequent monitoring of the financial statements in the business entity. This has ensured that the financial statements in the annual reports of the busine ss organization shall reflect the existing financial position of the business organization. Bonin (2013) stated that internal auditing is an effective part of the general-purpose financial accounting of the business organization. Therefore, the existing inconsistencies in the annual reports of the organization would have to be assessed through the internal control measures in the organization. As per the conceptual framework in the General Purpose Financial Accounting the assets and the liabilities of the organization would be recognized if the future economic benefits comes or flow out of the organization. In this regard, it can be stated that the IASB emphasis uniforms academic guidelines and the policies of the business entity. As such, the management of the business entity has been responding appropriately in overcoming any discrepancies or threats for the business entity. As such, this has assisted the business entity to strictly adhere to the conceptual framework of the business entity. Horngren et al. (2013) mentioned that financial reporting refers to development of the external financial statements consisting of balance sheet, statement of cash flows and the stockholders equity and the notes to the financial statements present in the annual report of the organization. Thus, it can be said that the stakeholders of the business organization has to receive updated financial information about the business entity. As such, this shall assist the investors to acquire the necessary financial data and make informed investment and financial decisions for the business entity. The financial reporting is an essential aspect of the operational as well as the financial decisions of the business. As such, the business entity has been making pertinent efforts in adhering to the conceptual framework of the General Purpose Financial Accounting. According to Bebbington et al. (2014), the business entity has to make the necessary measures in the development of the goals and the objec tives of the business entity. Henderson et al. (2015) stated that the business entity has taken measures in the recognition of the intangible assets of the organization. In this regard, it can be stated that the management of the business organization has also recognized bad debt as well as the provision of bad debt in the organization. In addition, the recognition of revenue expenses in the business entity is another pertinent part of the General Purpose Financial Accounting in the business organization. The financial reporting deals in the disclosure of the financial data to the management as well as the public. According to Christensen et al. (2016), the financial reporting can have to be issued in the quarterly as well as the monthly basis. As such, the Commonwealth Bank Australia has been reporting to the existing shareholders of the business organization through the strict financial reporting guidelines. Horngren et al. (2013) stated that the security and the exchange commission (SEC) in the business enterprise is an essential part of the financial reporting policies of the business entity. As per the guidelines of the general Purpose financial accounting, the shareholders, potential investors and the consumers and the government of the business organization are the parties that shall benefit from financial re porting .Thus, Commonwealth Bank, Australia adheres to the General Purpose financial accounting in developing the organizational policies and strategies. It can be said that Commonwealth Bank Australia has taken pertinent efforts in adhering to the conceptual Framework in the General Purpose Financial Accounting. The brand has taken measures in the establishment of operational and financial strategies for Commonwealth Bank Australia. However, the internal auditing is an effective tool for the business entity in assessing the financial situation of the business enterprise and recognizing the existing discrepancies in the financial system of business enterprise. The Commonwealth Bank, Australia has been adhering to the general-purpose financial accounting and measure the equity, asset, liability and income as well as the revenues of the organization. The brand strictly adheres to the conceptual framework in the context of the reporting of the financial statements to the business entity. The Commonwealth Bank, Australia conducts financial reporting in quarterly or on a annual basis The recognition criteria refer to the recognition of the assets and liability of the organization that result in the inflow and outflow of the revenue in the organization. The fair value of accounting in the business entity relates to the assessment of the assets as per their existing market value. The Commonwealth Bank, Australia has been in a strong financial position in the recent years. The data extracted from the financial annual reports relates to the measurement of the assets, liabilities as well as the income and the recognition of the incomes and the revenue of the organization and indicates the financial strength of the entity when compared to the substitute brands in the market. In the coming years it can be expected that the business entity shall acquire a greater market share in the domestic and global market. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014. Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bonin, H., 2013. Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science & Business Media. Bonin, H., 2013. Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science & Business Media. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and Wittenbergà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Moerman, R., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(2), pp.397-435. Commbank 2016 Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/about-us/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/cba-annual-report-30%20June-2015.pdf [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Cortesi, A., Tettamanzi, P., Scaccabarozzi, U., Spertini, I. and Castoldi, S., 2015. Advanced Financial Accounting: Financial Statement Analysis–Accounting Issues–Group Accounts. EGEA spa. Deegan, C. (2013). Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C., 2012. Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DRURY, C.M., 2013. Management and cost accounting. Springer. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013. Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Fiolleau, K.J., Hoang, K.J. and Pomeroy, B., 2013. Communications with Audit Committees: How Do Auditors Decide How Much Information to Provide about Management’s Accounting Practices?. Freeman, R.J., Shoulders, C.D., Allison, G.S., Smith Jr, G.R. and Becker, C.J., 2014. Governmental and nonprofit accounting: theory and practice.JJpaejournal Of Public Affairs Education Volume 20 Number 3, p.441. Groot, T. and Selto, F., 2013. Advanced management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Harrison, J.S. and Van der Laan Smith, J., 2015. Responsible accounting for stakeholders. Journal of Management Studies, 52(7), pp.935-960. Hassard, J. and Pym, D. eds., 2012. The theory and philosophy of organizations: critical issues and new perspectives. Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Jones, S. ed., 2015. The routledge companion to financial accounting theory. Routledge. Lee, T.A. and Parker, R.H., 2013. Towards a Theory and Practice of Cash Flow Accounting (RLE Accounting) (Vol. 50). Routledge. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp.557-605. Zimmerman, J.L., 2013. Myth: External financial reporting quality has a first-order effect on firm value. Accounting Horizons, 27(4), pp.887-894.

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of Essay

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of higher education - Essay Example In the case of non-proï ¬ t organizations, the BSC lays huge emphasis on customer satisfaction and therefore a priority is given in all matters regarding to customer services. in organizations where a financial crisis is a daily affair, their BSC prioritized financial perspective. Focusing on different prioritization perspective of BSC, organizations have an opportunity to allocate resources appropriately with minimal wastage or fraud. The study case has also provided a platform for non-profit organizations to measure how they perform. In this, performance measure indicators (PMIs)are applied as indicators of efficiency. Again, different definition of PMIs can be adopted to fit the objectives of the business. In case of institutions of higher learning, â€Å"student/staff ratio† and â€Å"Ph.D ratio† PMIs are appropriate. For manufacturing concern, â€Å"customer satisfaction† is applicable while â€Å"service delivery† PMIs works with non-proï ¬ t org anization. Though implementation of the BSC has not been effected in Taiwan and other developing countries, America and Europe are already reaping its benefits. BSC is yet to gain momentum and relevant in third world countries. However, this study has clearly demonstrated that BSC can be instrumental in delivering positive changes in strategic and performance management in higher learning institutions. Furthermore, the study has recommended that senior management and supervisors must fully support the implementation of system managing tools, otherwise they are destined to failure. In conclusion, institutions should me motivated by their vision and mission so that they are run like any other business where efficiency is highly

Comparison of the Form and Style in Things Fall Apart and A Far Cry Essay - 1

Comparison of the Form and Style in Things Fall Apart and A Far Cry from Africa - Essay Example Since the story is that of a warrior, Achebe uses a tone that is martial. At the same time, the tone is also that of a historian who faithfully chronicles the events that happen in a society. The events of this society are shown through a pre-colonial and colonial perspective. The tone of Walcott’s poem, A Far Cry From Africa is different. This is because Walcott writes during a period when there is a consensus on the debates that surround pluralism and nativism, in favor of a pluralistic culture that seeks the integration of a pre-colonial and colonial culture. The agony that Walcott expresses regarding the conflict between his African belonging and the English language in which he is proficient and in which he expresses himself as a writer can be seen in the tone that he adopts in his poem which is that of a lament. These works tilt towards the pluralist cultures that the writers who were a part of the Negritude movement opposed (Ashcroft, 2010). As a result, their tone, eve n though they lament the loss of a culture with the advent of colonization, they express the hope of an integration of African and western cultures. This mixed culture may be said to be a reflection of the identities of these writers, an identity that had been molded through a consciousness of their own racial identity along with western education. Their tone enables them to make clear the racial differences that they aim to highlight through their works. These differences are made clear by talking of the conflict in the value systems that form the societies that Okonkwo lives in, in Things Fall Apart and the duality of the identity of the poet in A Far Cry From Africa. The narrator in Walcott’s poem is unapologetic about this... Comparison of the Form and Style in "Things Fall Apart" and "A Far Cry from Africa" While talking of race differences in their works, they are critical of the western colonizers for their economic policies, but occupy a space that is not entirely divorced from the western education that they have received. As a result their discussion of racial differences is extremely nuanced and complex. They however, have various differences in their tone and style, something that can be attributed to the differences in the historical and geographical context in which these writers produced their work. This paper shall attempt not only a historicist and new historicist mode of analysis, but shall seek to combine it with an analysis of the forms that the writers in question employ in their works of art. Things Fall Apart was one of the first few novels that explored the role of the colonizers in the changes that came in African society. There have been many works of art that have followed this work in the tradition of post-colonial works of art that critique the role of the coloni ser. The conflict that both these writers face is one that is faced by people, who are, according to Frantz Fanon, of mixed identities. Such people cannot turn to either side for support and thus end up feeling like outsiders in their own community. While this enables Achebe to provide his work with the perspective of an outsider, imbuing his work with the tone of a historian, it enables an effective articulation of Walcott’s identity crisis that results from not only a biologically mixed parentage but also a metaphorical one.

Arthur Conan Doyle build Essay Example for Free

Arthur Conan Doyle build Essay Arthur Conan Doyle used the character named Sherlock Holmes to create a murder mystery genre short story. He uses the clever, sly and mysterious character to capture the readers. At the time the stories were written the Victorians were very frightened of crime because the police at the time werent stopping crime as they should, also at the time the fearsome Jack the Ripper was loose on the slums of London, so this new character brought some relief to the frightened citizens. At the time the police were failing to commit to there job and stop the crime that was taking place. This meant there was a lot of fear about crime around because the people of London had no force to protect themselves from the evil on the streets. At this time Arthur Conan Doyle tapped into this idea and created Holmes, this gave relief to the readers. Doyle had to use one of the main techniques in a murder mystery story to keep the story alive, keeping tension and suspense at a high throughout. Towards the start of the mystery Doyle builds up the idea of the story by showing the idea of fear in Helen Stoner. When Helen says It is not cold which makes me shiver and It is terror. This builds up the idea of the story as then she begins to tell Holmes about her problem. By noticing how she is terrified and telling Holmes about the mystery she is facing, we automatically find that we are dealing with a murder mystery genre. The way Holmes observes everything Miss Stoner does shows he is a very clever man and leads you to think she has come to him for him to solve her mystery, this gives us the idea he is a detective, further convincing us that there is a mystery to be solved. At the very begging Sherlock Holmess apprentice is talking to us, telling us about him studying Mr Holmes work. The way Doyle sets up the mystery shows us he is a clever writer as we can always be asking what is going to happen next. When Holmes starts asking questions it starts giving us ideas about the mystery we are dealing with, further setting up the story. We also see the idea of contrast between how we see things. We meet Helen Stoner, a woman who fears for her life, and is shaking with fear; she is in a terrible state. Then we see Sherlock Holmes. He is calm, easy going and already at work the moment he meets his client. Then we meet Dr Grimsby Roylott. He seizes things and storms about the place, he is a very large man and works with his anger and strength. We see Helen Stoner as a very fragile and afraid woman. We see that when she enters the room she is very shivery, but this isnt because its cold, we know this because not only does the writing tell us but it also describes her to be sat next to a fire. We see that Helen stoner is very fragile because she fears for her life. We know this when she says It is fear, Mr Holmes. It is terror. This shows that something is frightening her. We then find out that she needs Holmes to help her. She looks like a hunted animal and this shows that she has been through a lot. We see that the way her character is shown to be a typical Victorian woman. Vulnerable, afraid, fragile and unable to defend herself. This shows that the story keeps on fitting into the genre of murder mystery. In the day it was written people reading the story would very easily be able to relate to her as a character and this give more effect to the story as a reader. We are also told about how she looks very old, but is very young, and how the fear she has because of Dr Roylott has made her look almost elderly. We can see that Sherlock Holmes is portrayed to be a very clever and calm gentleman. We can see he is a very observant man, and is very quick to think things through, this would make the readers feel relieved for Helen Stoner because they would know from this point that he is smart enough to crack the mystery. The way he talks to her as if he already knows the answers to his questions shows him to be a very smart man. We also see he is a very brave man. We know this because even when staring the large, and frightening Dr Roylott, he manages to stay calm and say things that further enrage the large man. Even when further angering the tyrant he still keeps calm, and keeps himself out of any state of worry, this would further enhance the feel of protection for the reader. The way he further angers the Dr also builds a large amount of tension. This would keep the reader reading ahead. Dr Roylott is presented as a large frightening man. We know this because of the way we see his first proper entrance into the story. We see this because the door to Holmes living space was dashed open by a Huge man. This further builds tension in the story as from this point it is obvious the man bursting into the door is Dr Roylott. He is shown to be a strong, aggressive character. We know because of a way he seizes a poker and bends it with his bare hands to show his raw strength. The word seizes shows he is a very aggressive man and this would give the reader a feeling of fear which would further build tension.  The fact that the entire story is set over one day and not spread out over time shows that the situation is urgent and it cannot be left more than 1 day. This further builds the idea of tension in the story line. The tension is built up over time because as the time goes on the story shows that the woman is in danger of death. At the time the Victorians would have found this story very frightening. This is because at the time the idea of gypsies living on someones land was something that wasnt at all normal. This meant that the people who would read this would find it very peculiar and would find it frightening to hear about. Also the idea of foreign animals walking freely on his land would scare them because this is unusual and these creatures are not just any animals, dangerous animals like cheetahs. They also would be frightened that he had killed his butler in Africa. This would worry the public because at the time the police force werent doing there job very well and this made the public very worried about crime. In the final section the main contrast that is noticeable is the change between the light. The light is dark and all is silent. But when some light flashes in the room the tension automatically begins building up. As the tension builds further the light begins to come through the air shaft and this creates even further tension. When the Idea of time is linked with the idea of changing light, this build the tension because the time seems to slow down as the light builds in the final part of the story. In the entire story builds tension well, the way it all takes place in a short amount of time shows urgency in the situation and makes the reader feel tense. The language he uses is good for building the tension because he uses words that give a feel of urgency and danger. I think the story builds tension well because the way it was written to fit in with Victorian ideas makes people see how the story was meant to effect the reader.

Fair Ball :: essays research papers

Fair Ball This book was based off of Bob Costas opinion on baseball. I recommend reading this book because he was full of great ideas for the Major Leagues. Any real baseball fan needs to read a copy of Bob Costas' "Fair Ball." Costas addresses the issues pressing Major League Baseball, its owners, its players, and its fans. Everything that caused the 1994 work stoppage could happen again after next season. However, Costas very thoughtfully lays out a plan primarily for the owners, since they should be able to master what they own. Revenue sharing, Costas' plan calls for revenue to be shared among the teams currently with the most money would still have more than the others, but the disparity would not be as great. Salary limits, teams would all have a salary cap and a salary floor. The lowest paid major leaguers would get a raise, and the highest paid would get a ceiling. Realignment - Under the "Fair Ball" plan, only the Houston Asters would be moved. They would go from the NL Central to the AL West. Read the book for his reasoning. He wants to keep the two three-division leagues. Wild Card Playoff - Costas says kill the wild-card and give the best record in each league a first-round bye. His argument revolves around the importance of pennant races to the game of baseball. The wild-card spot negates any pennant races, since second place wins a post-season spot, too. He says that the end of the season is more exciting without the wild-card. Here's some of the rest of his ideas: Lose the DH. No longer needed. Expand All-Star rosters. Have an international draft. Force umpires to enforce a true strike zone. Utilize instant replay. Bring in more front-office minorities. Keep Pete Rose out of baseball but in the Hall of Fame.

This Boys Life

The film we watched was called This Boys Life directed by Michael Caton- Jones and produced by the following men; Jon Peters, Art Linson and Fitch Cady. The movie takes place around 1957 where a son and mother flee the East and an abusive boyfriend to find a new life, and end up on Seattle, where the mother meets a polite garage mechanic. The boy continually gets into trouble by hanging out with the wrong crowd.The mo marries the mechanic, but they soon find out that he's an abusive and unreasoning alcoholic, and they struggle to maintain hope in an mpossible situation as the boy grows up with plans to escape the small town by any means possible. This movie was based Offa true story by Tobias Wolff that was written by Ed Sutton. The main characters in the movie are Jack, Caroline, and Dwight. Jack who is played by Leonardo DiCaprio is the main protagonist in the story. First his name was Tibias Wolff but then he changes it to Jack. He has a troubled childhood, which is plagued by dom estic abuse and misbehaviour.Despite his grim upbringing, he remains hopeful and is convinced that he is capable of a better life. Caroline whose nickname is Rosemary is played by Ellen Barkin. Carline is Jacks mother who struggles financially to support herself and her son, through she is neglectful at time you can tell that she has a special love for Jack. Rosemary was abused as a child and cannot bring herself to inflict violence or any sort of punishment on Jack, even though she has the habit of taking up with violent men who inflict the same abuse on both of them.Dwight is played by Robert De Niro is Jacks stepfather and is the main antagonist of the story. He is a cruel and violent man ho convinces Rosemary to marry him and move to Chinnok to live with him. Dwight is especially resentful of Jack and treats him with the utmost brutality. Dwight drinks to excess, steals Jacks and Rosemary's money, and often instigates physical altercations with Jack. One interesting part that I always wished I could do is being able to Just pack up and move. Not have any worries about the future and be like Caroline and have high hopes for the future, life would be great.There are three stages of Erik Erikson's eight stages of life that are recognizable in the film. There are; dentity versus confusion, intimacy versus isolation and generativity versus stagnation. Erik describes the first stage (identity versus confusion) as a dilemma during adolescence and early adulthood. Every individual is challenged to define who he or she is and who they will be in the future (Holloway et al 99). You can clearly see Jacks struggle during this stage in the film. He is constantly getting into trouble because of the group of friends he is hanging around.For example when they are in the bathroom smoking and they make fun of him he writes inappropriate words on the stale. Him and his so called friends also release the break from a car and let it roll down the hill until it crashes. An exam ple of this stage is when Jack is trying to figure out where he belongs and where he wants to go after high school. Jack hangs out with the wrong crowd but then starts to hang around another boy who seems to His grades are not good at all, has C's in every course, the battle to get into a post secondary school is hard.He was to look up to his dad and brother who went to a â€Å"top notch† high school. He has everyone saying that he won't get accepted anywhere because of his attitude and grades. Through it all he gets accepted and Dwight is immediately Jealous. Intimacy versus isolation is based on the ability to trust a person enough to reveal your personal thoughts and feelings to him or her, it is necessary to have a clear sense of who you are (Holloway et al 100). I think there are two examples in the film of this stage. First being Caroline and Dwight.Caroline has always been with another man and is used to having someone there but she was never really able to trust them or let her true self out because both men were abusive to her. When Dwight and her got married and had sexual intimacy later he efused to want to look at her face and actually held her head down on the bed so that she could not look up. She had no other choice but to accept how she was living because she was scared to be on her own. She also had no money and no where else to go so that factor was stopping her from running away.This is the opposite of what Erik Erikson is trying to portray. On the other hand, Jack and Caroline share an intimate relationship but on a parent to child level. They both are able to reveal their true feelings to each other and trust each other so greatly. At the end of the film Caroline finally has the courage to stand up to Dwight and escape. They both ‘pack their bags ‘ (not actually) and run off. I believe that you have to have a high level of trust if you are able to Just run away with someone and hope that whatever happens the outcome will be positive.The last stage called generativity versus stagnation. Erikson's theory suggests that this task follows the formation of identity and the development of intimate relationships. On the social clock, it requires fidelity and love. The tasks of early adulthood are to determine first who you want to be and what ou want to do so that you are true to yourself (Holloway et al 100). This age occurs during middle adulthood between the ages of about 40 to 65. People in this stage are focused on nurturing or creating things that will outlast them. Feeling useful and contributing to society are important stages.I think it shows stage because I feel that deep down Caroline knew she was doing the wrong thing. She knew marrying Dwight was the wrong thing and dating Rob before was also wrong, she knew that she was hurting Jack. That I think is the example of stagnation; her â€Å"failure† to find a way to ontribute, not so much to society but to herself and Jack. Also because Dwi ght would not let her work she never got the chance to go outside of the house and see what was happening in the real world. She was disconnected to society and therefore could not contribute anything.Near the end of the film we see her wanting to work for the government, the want to help society is there but Dwight is stopping her. Generativity refers to â€Å"making your mark† on the world, through caring for others, creating things and accomplishing things that make the world a better place. Caroline did not necessary make the world a better place but she made her sons future a better place. By running away from Dwight and realizing that Jack was right and finally taking a stance she saved not only herself but Jack from anything bad that could have occurred in the future.Daniel Levinson's theory of the seasons of life is explained as â€Å"a person's life structure is shaped mainly by their social and physical that is Jack kept hanging out in his social environment and no t thinking about the future he would end up no where but thankfully he came to realization. He applied to umerous schools and finally got accepted to one. Other developmental theories that I found interesting to this film is the Conflict Theory. Conflict theory is an interdisciplinary sociological and political theory that explains how power, not functional interdependence, holds a society together.It states that conflict exists between groups in society because of inequalities in power (Holloway et al 41). I think this theory applies to the film because in the household Dwight held all the power, whatever he says goes, his rules and no exceptions. It also states that if groups are in ompetition, then the needs of all will not be met equally. Since Dwight had the power of the house everyone else got yelled at if they stepped out of line. For example when Jack leaves the toothpaste cap open Dwight comes in and harasses him.I also think that there is conflict between Jack and himself. Jack is unable to carry out his plan to escape Alaska because there is a conflict between his desire for freedom from Dwight and his desire to belong. A part of him is scared of being alone and taking responsibility for himself. His inner conflict about trying to be someone hat he isn't is also present. He attempts to involve himself with a dangerous crowd in school, often getting in trouble, but when he applies for private boarding school he writes that he is am A student.You can see that he is eager to change and reinvent himself to be a good person. Daniel Levinson's theory of the seasons of life also can be compared to the movie. His theory has four major points; forming a dream and giving it a place in the life structure, forming mentor relationships, forming an occupation and forming love relationships, marriage and family. The dream is the ndividual's sense of self in the adult world and is the core of the life structure (Holloway et al 103-104).The dilemma is that until ind ividuals begin to live out the life structure, all of the possibilities are not known, yet without some commitment to the choice they have made, it is not possible to determine whether the life structure might be realistic or satisfying (Holloway et al 104). You can clearly see that Jack is faced with many problems that likely every person will have to face at some point in their face. Commitment to a school, commitment to yourself and commitment to your tudies all play a whole in shaping who you are.Jack could not commitment himself to school; he would slack and then would expect others to help him. The term serial monogamy is when a woman ‘marries several spouses, one after the other' (Holloway et al 506). This does apply to Caroline. She is with her first husband Duke, then has an on and off relationship with Rob, then after she moves she marries Dwight. After she gets away from Dwight and her and Jake go their separate ways she marries another man. I would like to conclude this response with my personal opinion on the film. I really enjoyed this film; it made me relate to my own childhood.Although I was not as unfortunate as the author, I was also raised in a single parent family and had to adjust to each of my parent's new partners. I also daydreamed a lot when I young as did Jack. I think the film successfully tells the story with real people in it and has real problems, which are very common in society. I thought Robert De Niro's performance is one of high points of the film, and he is extraordinary as the abusive father who seems pleasant and Jovial at time, but can turn violent when you hat he has acted in I think this one was his greatest.Ellen Barkin I thought looked absolutely stunning but I wish her character could have been developed a little more. I kept wondering, during the film why she felt like withstanding Dwights abuse for such a long period was okay or why she couldn't stand up. This is was based Offa true story it made me extremely sad to see that such people can abuse any human or animal. It's a story of the growing pains of youths and an individual's struggle to find identity and independence which at this stage in our life we can all relate too. This Boys Life The film we watched was called This Boys Life directed by Michael Caton- Jones and produced by the following men; Jon Peters, Art Linson and Fitch Cady. The movie takes place around 1957 where a son and mother flee the East and an abusive boyfriend to find a new life, and end up on Seattle, where the mother meets a polite garage mechanic. The boy continually gets into trouble by hanging out with the wrong crowd.The mo marries the mechanic, but they soon find out that he's an abusive and unreasoning alcoholic, and they struggle to maintain hope in an mpossible situation as the boy grows up with plans to escape the small town by any means possible. This movie was based Offa true story by Tobias Wolff that was written by Ed Sutton. The main characters in the movie are Jack, Caroline, and Dwight. Jack who is played by Leonardo DiCaprio is the main protagonist in the story. First his name was Tibias Wolff but then he changes it to Jack. He has a troubled childhood, which is plagued by dom estic abuse and misbehaviour.Despite his grim upbringing, he remains hopeful and is convinced that he is capable of a better life. Caroline whose nickname is Rosemary is played by Ellen Barkin. Carline is Jacks mother who struggles financially to support herself and her son, through she is neglectful at time you can tell that she has a special love for Jack. Rosemary was abused as a child and cannot bring herself to inflict violence or any sort of punishment on Jack, even though she has the habit of taking up with violent men who inflict the same abuse on both of them.Dwight is played by Robert De Niro is Jacks stepfather and is the main antagonist of the story. He is a cruel and violent man ho convinces Rosemary to marry him and move to Chinnok to live with him. Dwight is especially resentful of Jack and treats him with the utmost brutality. Dwight drinks to excess, steals Jacks and Rosemary's money, and often instigates physical altercations with Jack. One interesting part that I always wished I could do is being able to Just pack up and move. Not have any worries about the future and be like Caroline and have high hopes for the future, life would be great.There are three stages of Erik Erikson's eight stages of life that are recognizable in the film. There are; dentity versus confusion, intimacy versus isolation and generativity versus stagnation. Erik describes the first stage (identity versus confusion) as a dilemma during adolescence and early adulthood. Every individual is challenged to define who he or she is and who they will be in the future (Holloway et al 99). You can clearly see Jacks struggle during this stage in the film. He is constantly getting into trouble because of the group of friends he is hanging around.For example when they are in the bathroom smoking and they make fun of him he writes inappropriate words on the stale. Him and his so called friends also release the break from a car and let it roll down the hill until it crashes. An exam ple of this stage is when Jack is trying to figure out where he belongs and where he wants to go after high school. Jack hangs out with the wrong crowd but then starts to hang around another boy who seems to His grades are not good at all, has C's in every course, the battle to get into a post secondary school is hard.He was to look up to his dad and brother who went to a â€Å"top notch† high school. He has everyone saying that he won't get accepted anywhere because of his attitude and grades. Through it all he gets accepted and Dwight is immediately Jealous. Intimacy versus isolation is based on the ability to trust a person enough to reveal your personal thoughts and feelings to him or her, it is necessary to have a clear sense of who you are (Holloway et al 100). I think there are two examples in the film of this stage. First being Caroline and Dwight.Caroline has always been with another man and is used to having someone there but she was never really able to trust them or let her true self out because both men were abusive to her. When Dwight and her got married and had sexual intimacy later he efused to want to look at her face and actually held her head down on the bed so that she could not look up. She had no other choice but to accept how she was living because she was scared to be on her own. She also had no money and no where else to go so that factor was stopping her from running away.This is the opposite of what Erik Erikson is trying to portray. On the other hand, Jack and Caroline share an intimate relationship but on a parent to child level. They both are able to reveal their true feelings to each other and trust each other so greatly. At the end of the film Caroline finally has the courage to stand up to Dwight and escape. They both ‘pack their bags ‘ (not actually) and run off. I believe that you have to have a high level of trust if you are able to Just run away with someone and hope that whatever happens the outcome will be positive.The last stage called generativity versus stagnation. Erikson's theory suggests that this task follows the formation of identity and the development of intimate relationships. On the social clock, it requires fidelity and love. The tasks of early adulthood are to determine first who you want to be and what ou want to do so that you are true to yourself (Holloway et al 100). This age occurs during middle adulthood between the ages of about 40 to 65. People in this stage are focused on nurturing or creating things that will outlast them. Feeling useful and contributing to society are important stages.I think it shows stage because I feel that deep down Caroline knew she was doing the wrong thing. She knew marrying Dwight was the wrong thing and dating Rob before was also wrong, she knew that she was hurting Jack. That I think is the example of stagnation; her â€Å"failure† to find a way to ontribute, not so much to society but to herself and Jack. Also because Dwi ght would not let her work she never got the chance to go outside of the house and see what was happening in the real world. She was disconnected to society and therefore could not contribute anything.Near the end of the film we see her wanting to work for the government, the want to help society is there but Dwight is stopping her. Generativity refers to â€Å"making your mark† on the world, through caring for others, creating things and accomplishing things that make the world a better place. Caroline did not necessary make the world a better place but she made her sons future a better place. By running away from Dwight and realizing that Jack was right and finally taking a stance she saved not only herself but Jack from anything bad that could have occurred in the future.Daniel Levinson's theory of the seasons of life is explained as â€Å"a person's life structure is shaped mainly by their social and physical that is Jack kept hanging out in his social environment and no t thinking about the future he would end up no where but thankfully he came to realization. He applied to umerous schools and finally got accepted to one. Other developmental theories that I found interesting to this film is the Conflict Theory. Conflict theory is an interdisciplinary sociological and political theory that explains how power, not functional interdependence, holds a society together.It states that conflict exists between groups in society because of inequalities in power (Holloway et al 41). I think this theory applies to the film because in the household Dwight held all the power, whatever he says goes, his rules and no exceptions. It also states that if groups are in ompetition, then the needs of all will not be met equally. Since Dwight had the power of the house everyone else got yelled at if they stepped out of line. For example when Jack leaves the toothpaste cap open Dwight comes in and harasses him.I also think that there is conflict between Jack and himself. Jack is unable to carry out his plan to escape Alaska because there is a conflict between his desire for freedom from Dwight and his desire to belong. A part of him is scared of being alone and taking responsibility for himself. His inner conflict about trying to be someone hat he isn't is also present. He attempts to involve himself with a dangerous crowd in school, often getting in trouble, but when he applies for private boarding school he writes that he is am A student.You can see that he is eager to change and reinvent himself to be a good person. Daniel Levinson's theory of the seasons of life also can be compared to the movie. His theory has four major points; forming a dream and giving it a place in the life structure, forming mentor relationships, forming an occupation and forming love relationships, marriage and family. The dream is the ndividual's sense of self in the adult world and is the core of the life structure (Holloway et al 103-104).The dilemma is that until ind ividuals begin to live out the life structure, all of the possibilities are not known, yet without some commitment to the choice they have made, it is not possible to determine whether the life structure might be realistic or satisfying (Holloway et al 104). You can clearly see that Jack is faced with many problems that likely every person will have to face at some point in their face. Commitment to a school, commitment to yourself and commitment to your tudies all play a whole in shaping who you are.Jack could not commitment himself to school; he would slack and then would expect others to help him. The term serial monogamy is when a woman ‘marries several spouses, one after the other' (Holloway et al 506). This does apply to Caroline. She is with her first husband Duke, then has an on and off relationship with Rob, then after she moves she marries Dwight. After she gets away from Dwight and her and Jake go their separate ways she marries another man. I would like to conclude this response with my personal opinion on the film. I really enjoyed this film; it made me relate to my own childhood.Although I was not as unfortunate as the author, I was also raised in a single parent family and had to adjust to each of my parent's new partners. I also daydreamed a lot when I young as did Jack. I think the film successfully tells the story with real people in it and has real problems, which are very common in society. I thought Robert De Niro's performance is one of high points of the film, and he is extraordinary as the abusive father who seems pleasant and Jovial at time, but can turn violent when you hat he has acted in I think this one was his greatest.Ellen Barkin I thought looked absolutely stunning but I wish her character could have been developed a little more. I kept wondering, during the film why she felt like withstanding Dwights abuse for such a long period was okay or why she couldn't stand up. This is was based Offa true story it made me extremely sad to see that such people can abuse any human or animal. It's a story of the growing pains of youths and an individual's struggle to find identity and independence which at this stage in our life we can all relate too.

Milky Way

Quinci Chapple Mrs. Ryan Language A – 9H January 12, 2012 Finding the Milky Way I often gaze into the night sky only to find bright lights and strange shapes I don’t understand. Starting at a young age, I enjoyed waiting for shooting stars and searching for the famous Big Dipper consolation as many nights as I could. As I grew older, I learned more and more about the universe and all that it contains. Today, I am even more intrigued by, not just the universe, but our very own Milky Way galaxy.I am amazed by its complicated systems and beautiful landscapes, but I still wanted to know how all of its magnificence was discovered. From receiving several astronomical filed guides and photographic collections from family over the years, I already knew some information about the Milky Way. I knew it received its name from the â€Å"milky† light it sheds and that it consists of millions of stars. By observing pictures, I could tell most research about the galaxy was done using telescopes with cameras.I also concluded that the Sun is at the center of the galaxy, but that was just from my comprehension of the term â€Å"solar system†. In other words, I really did not know much about how the Milky Way was discovered, especially since telescopes and high quality technology has not been around forever. The area of interaction that I believe ties to my research is Human Ingenuity. Human Ingenuity focuses on the evolution of process and human creations. How it is important to research the developments of humans throughout history and how those creations affect life and society.The processes made by astronomers to observe the Milky Way have affected human life tremendously, considering it’s where humans live. The steady research of the galaxy through time has led to even greater discoveries and information that humans never thought possible to obtain. I want to know the exact progression of methods and research in discovering the Milky Way. Fr om where the first astronomers got their ideas and plans to take on such a puzzling challenge, to how those methods have led to all the facts we know about the galaxy today.I want to learn about the instruments used to make these discoveries and the people behind them. I would like to be able to conduct a general timeline of the uncovering of the Milky Way. In addition, I find myself wondering why it is so important to study the Milky Way and other elements of outer space. To learn so much information, I need to ask myself questions based on the research topic. Because I want to know how the Milky Way was discovered, I ask the main question, what methods and tools were and are used to observe the Milky Way?The Search Originally, I began my search with the topic astronomical discoveries in mind. I navigated to my school’s library website to use the databases available there shown to me by the librarian. I typed the words astronomy discoveries in the Gale Power Search database, scrolled down reading the various article titles, then clicked on Cosmic Discoveries: The Wonder of Astronomy. As I began to read over the article, I did not understand the information. I soon realized the article was a very short book review for a book I did not have.I clicked back to my search results to find another article titled, 10 years ago in Astronomy. However, this too ended up being a book review. I left the Gale Power Search back to the library’s website to visit the database ProQuest where I searched astronomy discoveries once again. This time, I clicked an article titled Top 10 discoveries of the last 35 years, assuming it would be about discoveries in astronomy over the years. Starting to read the article, I came across a section that raved about the thousands of breakthroughs in astronomy in thirty-five years, the article only covering a ten.This section helped me realize that my topic was too broad to make of, so I decided to narrow my search topic to the di rect history of the Milky Way galaxy. Coming in with my narrowed search topic made things a lot simpler. I used the search engine Google to type in the keywords history of the Milky Way. Thousands of articles popped up, but I clicked on the page Wikipedia had made for the Milky Way. The article was helpful because it was organized into sections, one of them being history, which I immediately went to.The history section of the article gave specific dates and names that contributed to my search. The article explained the first observations of the galaxy and told of the works of the first astronomers, yet the information given was limited. Since I turned my search to the history of the Milky Way, I began to take into consideration how I might transform this topic into a personal project. That thought mixed with the small pieces of information Wikipedia gave made me doubt my space inspired topics. Space was not turning out to be as interesting as I had thought. My next search kept me se t on my topic.Using Google, I searched how was the Milky Way discovered which brought up a great article. The article was set up like a timeline that was simple and easy to understand, especially with all the dates. Once I read and took notes on this article my Area of Interaction was obvious, Human Ingenuity. Now that I had my lens to focus through, researching and planning for my paper was getting much easier. My next few searches were all through Google; one that was really helpful was the search discovering the Milky Way where I found the widespread article The Milky Way Galaxy.This article was the most helpful of all my sources because it provided many pages of clear, organized information fully concerning my topic. The article was more like a book, organized into numbered â€Å"chapters† discussing several different aspects of the Milky Way’s history and current status. The article had one specific section about the techniques used to observe the galaxy over the years. I marked countless notes in my journal that would greatly contribute to my research. The text noted radio mapping and the great history of telescopes.That article lead me to my next search, telescope used to observe the Milky Way. I clicked on the first article titled, Telescope witnesses Milky Way star birth. The article was very useful because it went a little more into depth with the processes used to observe and map the galaxy. It told me about the people to first observe the Milky Way and how far research on the galaxy has come. The article was very current which was supportive to the information. The many articles about the telescopes lead me to my last search, invention of the Herschel telescope (one of the first telescopes used).The article History of the Telescope- Telescope Tips gave a perfect, brief description of the history of the telescope. The article was a great way to wrap up my search with a little more background about the astronomers and their inventions t o uncover more about the Milky Way. What I Discovered The information that I found through my research revealed ideas that I was not aware of and clarified facts that I thought I knew. The investigation answered the research question and provided details extending my thoughts and research topic.Insight on the main ideas was provided by several sources developing thoughts on the structure and contents of the Milky Way, the techniques used to research the Milk Way, the instruments used to observe the galaxy, and the people who contributed to the galaxy’s record. Many of the sources I found described discoveries of the structure and materials within the Milky Way. I learned that in 1915, the galaxy was found to be made up of thousands of globular clusters, which are groupings of millions of stars. Also, around the same time of this discovery, the galaxy was proposed to be a disk shape with several arms extending out from the center.Some of the arms called Sagittarius, Carina, Or ion, and Perseus all extend from the center of the galaxy, the sun being in the Orion arm. All this information was later confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope. However, one source told that there are more stars in the galaxy than can be seen because molecular clouds of dust block the light from the stars and cut the view of the system. These dust clouds often contain RR Lyrae stars which are â€Å"used to locate the center of the galaxy because clusters can be seen at relatively great distances.The stars are used to measure distance and Luminosity Relation to the Sun, which calculates the brightness of individual stars. â€Å"I found out later that the molecular dust helps in another way of research. As I continued to research, I discovered the method of radio mapping that has been used since the early 1960s. Radio mapping was an important discovery for the mapping of the Milky Way, â€Å"Astronomers had been trying the build such maps a topical wavelengths, but with the deve lopment of workable radio telescopes in the 1950s, observations were finally able to cut through the murk and create a useful map.The Milky Way had been thought to be a spiral galaxy, and the radio map of the H-I (hydrogen cold) regions showed that it seemed to have three spiral arms†(Goebel) Radio signals are sent out from Earth into the galaxy, then machines measure the wavelengths of the radio signals â€Å"bouncing† back to Earth off the molecular clouds. This process has mapped physical features of the Milky Way through telescopes and computers. According to the article â€Å"Telescope witness’s Milky Way star birth† by Clara Moskowitz, radio mapping is not the first or only method used to find the Milky Way.A 1700s astronomer named William Herschel was the first known to observe the Milky Way. Herschel created a space telescope inspired by the scientist Isaac Newton’s telescope sometime in the early 1700s. â€Å"Herschel’s infrared vis ion lets us sense the feeble heat from some of the coldest objects in the cosmos. † (Moskowitz) Herschel’s telescope measured stars and celestial objects so those could be mapped as well, since there are so many within the galaxy. This article also described the modern tools used to observe space.The Photo detector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) can be sent out in space or remain in an observatory to work together to take five images at once. The celestial objects to be photographed are limitless, and include the arms and clusters of the Milky Way. Herschel began his research by â€Å"cutting† the sky into equal sections, then using his telescope to best count the number of stars in each section, then drew out a map of the galaxy setting the Sun in the center.In 1920, an American astronomer, Kapteyn, created a modern version of Herschel’s famous map, but with an updated placement of the Sun wh ich was proven to be slightly off center. So, I discovered that the telescope played a major role, probably the most important role, in discovering the Milky Way, â€Å"From Issac Newton’s first working telescope to Herschel’s large scale style, and the telescope has opened the eyes of aspiring astronomers for centuries into the extraordinary world that is our Milky Way Galaxy. †(White).The results I obtained through my search process have collectively answered all aspects of my research question. The question at hand was, what methods and tools were and are used to observe the Milky Way? I learned about the telescope and how it is the main instrument that has been used for centuries in astronomy research. I was also hoping to find out about the features of the Milky Way, which learning about the telescope lead me to find. I also learned about the method of radio mapping and how helpful its results have been.The radio mapping found the RR Lyrae Stars which both have been impactful. I was introduced to some modern machines that are used today for observations. Also, going beyond the research question, I was educated about the people who made significant research concerning the galaxy. However, learning about the people connected me to the methods they used, such as Herschel’s mapping, which answered the sole inquiry of the question. Reflection During the writing of my I-Search paper I acquired many research skills while improving on my previous ones.My research skills helped me solve the problems I faced during research, but also allowed me to find reliable and organized information. I answered my research question completely and connected my research to the Area of Interaction that I chose. If I was able to go through this process again, there are some things that I would do differently. In addition, my research leading to my personal projects does not seem promising. While researching, I believe I learned how to tell is a topic is too broad or too narrow to write a paper with that makes sense while still being simple and direct.My topic started out being too broad to accurately cover over all the information regarding it, so I wanted to make it less generalized, but still in the same field as my original topic. I also learned that while taking notes it’s really important to take direct quotes from articles because they add a lot of authenticity and accuracy to the paper which makes for an all-around better paper. I believe I have always been good at taking notes which helped with my process journals. Also, connecting each process journal to the next makes it easy to write the â€Å"What I Discovered† section of the paper.Summarizing the main ideas of an article is really important, not copying every word. Some problems I had during my research were repetitive information throughout articles and finding articles that were book reviews which didn’t contribute at all. Some articles were too short or poorly written with limited information provided. Another minor problem was a lot of the articles I used did not show the author or date of publication. One the other hand, a lot of the articles I found were organized and gave interesting information that I didn’t find in any other article, which is exactly what I was looking for.Many of the articles I found provided names, dates, and photographs which help in understanding; I try my best to find sites that provide these features. It was very easy to find information that was clearly connected to my question and topic. The sites that I did find were reliable, if a site did not seem reliable, I did not use the information. My research resulted in a through and detailed answer to my research question, what methods and tools were and are used to observe the Milky Way? The methods used were explained to me and examples of instruments were given.I completely understand my topic from doing this research. Also, I used my Ar ea of Interaction, Human Ingenuity, to focus my search. The idea of using special methods to observe the world and designing tools, such as the telescope, to aid and strengthen human’s independent research. If I were to do the I-Search paper again, I would probably use an entirely new topic. Before starting the process journals I felt rushed to come up with a topic that was personal to me, able to produce a product (for the personal project), generally interesting, and had enough material behind it to write a paper on.I would choose a topic that I had the equipment and experience to create a product with. I own a telescope with connected camera, but I feel that it is not the quality to capture the galaxy, if I were to use this topic for my personal project. However, if I were to do the paper over again with the same topic, I would definitely organize my â€Å"What I Discovered† section into a clearer format that included more information that I decided to leave out thi s time for concern of length.I believe sometimes I write too much or include information that is irrelevant. Work Cited â€Å"Discovery of the Milky Way. †Ircamera. Google. January 10, 2012. http://ircamera. as. arizona. edu. /NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/milkyway. htm. Goebel, Greg. †The Milky Way Galaxy. †In the Public Domain. June 1st, 2010. Google. January 11th, 2012. http://vectorsite. net/tastgal_07. html. Moskowitz, Clara. †Telescope witnesses Milky Way star birth. †Space on MSNBC. October 2nd,

Lab Report on Density Measurement Essays

Lab Report on Density Measurement Essays Lab Report on Density Measurement Paper Lab Report on Density Measurement Paper Liquid is usually confined in a container, so its volume is relative to the volume of its container There are various instruments that are used to accurately measure the density of substances; the most commonly used are the densitometers, viscometer and hydrometers [3]. In this experiment, the density of selected liquid samples will be measured using a viscometer. 1. 2 Objectives of the Experiment 1 . To determine the density of low boiling point liquid samples by measuring their mass at controlled volume; 2. To determine the density of alumina by measuring the mass and volume of variously shaped alumina balls; and 3. Compare the density calculated from the given samples with the standard density at room temperature. 1. 3 Significance of the Experiment At the end of the experiment, the laboratory performer is expected to learn the following; 1 . The density of selected liquids and material at a given temperature; and 2. The proper method of measuring the volum e and consequently the density of irregularly shaped objects using water displacement method. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Density is one of the most important and commonly used physical properties of matter. It is an intrinsic property which is represented by the ratio of a matters ass to its volume Density was purportedly discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes in an unusual circumstance. According to stories, King Hirer of Syracuse asked Archimedes to determine whether his new crown is made of pure gold or not. It was seemingly impossible to identify the gold percentage that composed the crown because chemical analysis was still unstudied in those times. One day, when Archimedes was enjoying himself to a bath, he observed that the further he went down the tub, the lesser he weighed and the higher the water level rose up. He then came to the realization that he could determine the Asia of the mass of the crown and the volume of water displaced by the crown, and compare it to the value measured from the pure gold sample. Hence, density and the principle behind it were revealed Density is dependent on many factors, one of which is temperature. It specifically decreases with increasing temperature. This is because an objects volume undergoes thermal expansion at increasing temperature while its mass remains unchanged. This results to a decrease in density [1]. When matter undergoes a transformation to a different phase, it undergoes an abrupt change in density. The transition of molecules of matter to a less random form, say from gas to liquid or from liquid to solid, causes a drastic increase in the density. However, there are substances which behave differently from this density-temperature relationship, by which one example is water. The greatest density achieved by water molecules are at ICC. At temperatures higher or lower than ICC, its density slowly decreases. This makes ice less dense than water, a property not commonly exhibited by other liquids METHODOLOGY 3. Materials A. Viscometer, 25-ml B. Graduated cylinder, 1000-ml C. Graduated cylinder, 250-ml D. Beaker, 250-ml E. Low boiling point liquids (acetone, 70% solution ethyl alcohol, 70% solution spoilsport alcohol), 30 ml F. Distilled water G. Two sets of alumina balls (small cylindrical, large cylindrical and large spherical balls) H. Analytical balance beam 3. 2 Determining the Mass of a 25-ml Liquid [5] A. Carefully clean and dry the viscometer. B. Weigh the empty viscometer and its stopper in the balance beam and record the mass. C. Fill the viscometer with the liquid sample up to its brim, and insert the stopper carefully. Wipe off any excess fluid on the sides of the hygrometer with a clean cloth or tissue. D. Balance and record the mass of the filled viscometer plus the stopper. E. Empty the contents of the viscometer in a clean beaker. F. Make three trials for each liquid. 3. 3 Determining the Mass and Volume of Alumina Balls [5] A. Measure the mass of each alumina ball in the balance beam. B. Add distilled water to the graduated cylinder and record its initial volume. C.

Execution Methods Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Execution Methods - Annotated Bibliography Example Baker, Peter. â€Å"Obama Orders Policy Review on Executions.† The New York Times. 03 May 2014. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 05 May 2014.< http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy.cyclib.nocccd.edu/ic/ovic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=News&limiter=&u=cypressc&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE|A366879542.> In this article, there is a focus on policy required in implementing of the death penalty in various parts of the country. Baker notes that the Oklahoma execution is a clear example that something is amiss in the process of conviction. It shows the president of the United States also called for policy review in the sector. I chose the article as it helps in showing what need to be done to balance the view of those for and against the death penalty. The article is of the essence as it helps in showing areas that need policy changes. Baldus, David, C., Grosso, Catherine, M., Woodworth, George, Newell, Richard. â€Å"Racial Discrimination in the Administration of the Death Penalty: The Experience of the United States Armed Forces (1984-2005).† Journal of criminal law and criminology 101.4 (2011): 1227-1335. Print. The article presents evidence that there is racial bias in the implementation of the death penalty. The authors note that this is well documented in the administration of the death penalty in the United States armed forces in over two decades. The authors rely on three scenarios of racial disparities in the treatment of similarly situated death-eligible offenders. I chose this article as it highlights racial bias in the implementation of the death penalty programs. It is also of benefit as it helps in presenting evidence while the death penalty should be stopped due to racial bias in issuing the death sentences. BBC News- US & Canada. â€Å"US president Obama Calls for Death Penalty Review.† Bbc.com. Web. 05 May 2014 The article highlights the concerns of the United States president over the manner in which death penalty is executed in the country. The concern is based on the heinous execution of Clayton Lockett in the state of Oklahoma. The president expressed his feeling on the botched execution and calls for a rethinking of the process.

Explain how Descartes represents a new philosophical beginning Essay

Explain how Descartes represents a new philosophical beginning - Essay Example In mathematics, we encounter absolute certainty, according to Descartes.† (Kitcher, 2006, p. 482) His search for this absolute certainty in the field of philosophy begins with a radical rejection of all beliefs, perceptions and assumptions and a completely blank page on which he attempts to build up a new logical train of thought. This paper considers the steps that Descartes takes to distance himself from traditional ways of thinking and the nature of his radical new approach. The starting point that Descartes chooses is in keeping with the religious conventions of the time, since he addresses his work to â€Å"those Most Wise and Distinguished men, the Deans and Doctors of the Faculty of Sacred Theology of Paris† (Descartes, p. 484) and he quotes the Bible and the Lateran Council of 1512-1517 to show that he is familiar with matters of the faith. His use of radical scepticism is presented as different approach to both physical and metaphysical problems and he implies t hat his intention is to follow a path of discovery which will be different from, but not contradictory to, articles of faith which are taught by the established Christian Church. Since the turn of the seventeenth century the Medieval mind-set of the Church had been badly shaken, first by the reformation and consequent debates and schisms across Europe, and secondly by a whole host of scientific discoveries that raised interesting questions about man’s place in the universe. Nowadays we call this major shift in world view â€Å"the Enlightenment.† In the first section of his treatise Descartes applies his radical scepticism to religion and science alike, suspending all that he has been taught, and coming down to the fundamental observation that the human being is made of two separate substances: the mind, which is immaterial and capable of thinking, and the body, which is corporal and capable of using the physical senses to apprehend and interact with the world. He cons iders how unreliable the senses are, and concludes that the only thing that he is absolutely certain of, is the fact that he is thinking with his mind. Body, senses and everything else are laid to one side and he concentrates on this thinking part of himself. In the second section he formulates his most famous saying â€Å"cogito ergo sum: I think, therefore I am† (Descartes, p. 492) which shows that existence is derived from thinking, and not from anything outside the self that is thinking. This is a big departure from the teachings of the Church, which had traditionally placed itself in the role of teacher and authority on all matters. Thanks to the reformation there was a much greater focus on the individual, and Descartes latches on to this to stress both the mental activity that human beings are capable of, but also the fact that we are self-aware when we are engaged in this activity. All that exists around that thinking self is an illusion, and the only absolutely certa in thing is the individual and his ability to understand and to reason. The third section elaborates this point: â€Å"I am a thing that thinks, that is to say a thing that doubts, affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things, refrains from willing, and also imagines and senses.†